Bankruptcy cases are dealt with in a number of ways in different countries but generally, it begins with the creditor filing a petition in court against the debtor. This requires no proof for the claims and one is entitled to object to court summons resulting from the petition. Once one has objected the creditors claim as filed in court, the creditor can go ahead to produce any documents to proof the claims made against the debt. All this is done through the debt collection officer assigned to such a case by the court.

Court proceedings after the petition has been filed depends on the type of debt and the legal status of the debtor. There are some modes of debt realization that are considered in solving insolvency cases. The debt could be collected by realizing pledged property. This means that the debtor had pledged to pay, the property could be seized and sold on auction by the debt collection officer.

Another method of solving bankruptcy cases is by seizing the assets. This happens in case the property is not pledged or in case it is not a mortgage. This however does not apply to registered commercial entities. It mostly applies to individual cases. Once the property is seized, the court has given orders for the debt collection officer to have the property sold in an auction.  

In case the property is not secured and he is a registered commercial entity, he will be allowed to petition for insolvency. This is likened to chapter 7 of bankruptcy proceeding. The creditor will file a petition in court and the debtor looses all control over the property. If the property is enough to cover at least the cost of the case, the officer in charge calls for a meeting together with their respective claim.